Present Continuous

Penggunaan Present Continuous Tense

Penggunaan present continuous tense ada 2, yaitu:

1. Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa subject kalimat sedang melakukan suatu kegiatan. Pada saat dibicarakan (now), kejadian atau aktivitas tersebut sedang berlangsung.

Contoh:

1.     We are studying English now. (Kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang).

2.     She is listening to the music now. (Dia sedang mendengarkan musik itu sekarang).

3.     I am discussing English with my colleagues now. (Saya sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kerja saya sekarang).

4.     They are playing football now. (Mereka sedang main sepakbola sekarang).

5.     James, the gardener, is watering plants now. (James, si tukang kebun, sedang menyirami tanaman sekarang).

2. Present continuous tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua atau lebih aktivitas yang SEDANG berlangsung secara bersamaan. Aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung tersebut biasanya dihubungkan dengan conjunction while dan and.

Contoh:

1.     What are your two little sisters doing now? Are they studying? Yes mom, they are both studying. Ririn is studying the present continuous tense while Rini is solving math problems. (little = adik, math problems = soal-soal matematika).

2.     Are your parents at home? Yes, they are. My father is reading newspapers in the living room and my mom is cooking in the kitchen.

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Present Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan NOT di belakang be (is/am/are), seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut:

Subject +  (is/ am/are)  + not + (Verb1+ing) + Object + Modifier

Contoh:

1.     We are not studying English now. (Kita tidak sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang).

2.     She is not listening to the music now. (Dia tidak sedang mendengarkan musik sekarang).

3.     I am not discussing English with my colleagues at the moment. (Saya tidak sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kerjaku sekarang).

4.     They are not playing football now. (Mereka tidak sedang main bola sekarang).

5.     James, the gardener, is not watering the plants now. (James, si tukang kebun, tidak sedang menyirami tanaman sekarang).

6.     I am not writing this note while my wife is not washing clothes. (Saya tidak sedang menulis catatan ini, sementara istri saya sedang mencuci pakaian).

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Present Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan be (is/am/are) di depan subject, seperti tampak pada pola berikut:

(Is/Am/Are)  + Subject + (Verb1+ ing) + Object + Modifier

Contoh:

1.     Are we studying English at the moment? (Apakah kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang?).

2.     Is she listening to the music now? (Apakah dia sedang mendengarkan musik sekarang?).

3.     Am I discussing English with my colleagues now? (Apakah saya sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kerja saya sekarang?).

4.     Are they not playing football now? (Apakah mereka tidak sedang main bola sekarang).

5.     Is James, the gardener, not watering the plants now? (Apakah James, si tukang kebun, tidak sedang menyirami tanaman sekarang?).

Modifier of time (Keterangan waktu)

Keterangan waktu untuk kalimat dalam present continuous tense antara lain:

1.     now (sekarang)

2.     at the moment (sekarang).

Contoh-contoh kalimat yang lain:

1.     Be quite, please! She is  studying at the moment. (Tolong, jangan ribut. Dia sedang  sedang belajar sekarang.).

2.     Yeyes is watching TV now. (Yeyes sedang menonton TV).

3.     I am listening to some pop songs from my CD player. (Saya sedang mendengarkan beberapa lagu pop dari CD player-ku).

4.     Don’t eject the diskette from CPU if the diskette indicator is still on. It means that the program is still writing onto the diskette. (Jangan keluarkan disket dari CPU jika lampu indikator disket masih menyala. Itu berarti program masih sedang menulis ke dalam disket).

5.     The phone is ringing. Pick it up, please! (Telephon sedang berdering. Tolong angkat teleponnya!).

6.     I am writing this note while my wife is washing clothes. (Saya sedang menulis catatan ini, sementara istri saya sedang mencuci pakaian).

7.     What are you looking at? (Apa yang sedang kamu perhatikan/pandangi?).

Modals-English Grammar

Modals - English Grammar

1) can

Use	Examples
ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to)	I can speak English.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)	Can I go to the cinema?
request	Can you wait a moment, please?
offer	I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
suggestion	Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility	It can get very hot in Arizona.

2) could

Use	Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to)	I could speak English.
permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to)	I could go to the cinema.
polite question *	Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request *	Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer *	I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion *	Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility *	It could get very hot in Montana.

3) may

Use	Examples
possibility	It may rain today.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)	May I go to the cinema?
polite suggestion	May I help you?

4) might

Use	Examples
possibility (less possible than may) *	It might rain today.
hesitant offer *	Might I help you?

5) must

Use	Examples
force, necessity	I must go to the supermarket today.
Possibility	You must be tired.
advice, recommendation	You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.

6) must not/may not

Use	Examples
prohibition	You mustn't work on dad's computer. You may not work on dad's computer.

7) need not

Use	Examples
not necessary	I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight.

8) ought to

Use	Examples
Advice	You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
Obligation	You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.

9) shall

instead of will in the 1st person

Use	Examples
Suggestion	Shall I carry your bag?

10) should

Use	Examples
Advice	You should drive carefully in bad weather.
Obligation	You should switch off the light when you leave the room.

11) will

Use	Examples
wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would)	Will you please shut the door?
prediction, assumption	I think it will rain on Friday.
Promise	I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision	Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will.
Habits	She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking.

12) would

Use	Examples
wish, request (more polite than will)	Would you shut the door, please?
habits in the past	Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.

* no past forms - future forms

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/hilfsverben2.htm

Adjective Clause, Noun Clause & Adverbial Clause

1.1 Adjective Clause

An adjective clause also called an adjectival or relative clause. The adjective clause will follow one of this two pattern:

1. Relative pronoun/adverb + subject + verb.
2. Relative pronoun as subject + verb.

Example

• Pizza which most people love, is not healthy.
• The people whose name are on the list will go to camp.
• Grandpa remember the old days when there was no television..
• Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
• Student who are intelegent, get good grade.
• I know someone whose father served in World War II
• Making noise when he eats is the main reason, why Sue does not like to eat with her brother.
• I enjoy telling people about Janet Evanovich whose latest book was fantastic.
• He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe is as good as dead
• Those who do not complained are never pitied.

1.2 Noun Clause

A noun clause is a dependent clause and cannot stand alone as a sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause, a main clause. A noun clause has its own subject and verb. It can begin with Question word. It can begin with if or whether. And it can begin with that.

Example:

• What you said doesn`t convince me at all.
• How he become so rich makes people curious.
• What the salesman has said is untrue.
• That the world is round is a fact.
• I know what you mean.
• I don`t understand what he is talking about.
• He said that his son would study in Australy.
• Please listen to what your teacher is saying.
• Budi`s pays full attention to how native speaker is pronouncing the English word.
• Be carefull of what you`re doing.

1.3 Adverbial Clause

An Adverbial clause is a dependent clause, that function as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied)and a predicate and it modifies a verb.

Example:

• When she was in Miami, she visited my friends.
• After she comes, she will turn on the radio.
• While she was listening to the radio, he knocked the door.
• He went to Miami because he wanted to visit his friends.
• Since she never heard about cloning, she decide to not speak about it.
• Now that he has a lot of money, he can afford a new computer.
• Because the exam was easy, they could pass it.
• She made so many mistake that she failed the exam.
• He had so much time that he went to hike.
• They have so little work, to do that they share it.

This is me, my self and my game...

What is Noun, Verbs and Adverbs ???

1.1 Noun
The words noun comes from the Latin words nomen meaning "name". Noun are the names of places, things and ideas. Anything we can imagine has a name. If someone discovers a person, places, things or ideas without a name, you can be sure that steps will be taken to remedy that situation.

2.1 Kinds of Noun
Noun can also be Concrete and Abstract

•  Concrete Noun

Concrete noun are nouns that can be touched or held, for example: house, taxicab, typewriter, computer, shoe and etc
Example:

1. The house is very big
2. I dont have a typewriter
3. This is my computer
4. My Brother buys a black shoes
5. I take my bag

• Abstract Noun

Abstract noun are nouns that cannot be touched or held, for the example: love, fear , honesty, truth, intrigue, regrets and etc
Example:

1. I look some advertisement in TV
2. The internet conection is bad
3. That is the government wisdom
4. I need your attendance
5. All of us has a inner beauty

1.2 Verbs 
Verbs are the life of language, beacase of them, our words take action and we are able ti express who we are and how we feel. Without verbs, speechs and writing would be reduced to trivial naming and static description. Verb are beyond compare

2.2 Kinds of Verbs
There are 2 kinds of verb, Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs

• Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs is a verbs that requires an object to complete the meaning. So transitive verbs cannot stand alone without noun or pronoun as the object.
Example:

1. She made a cake
2. I bought a car
3. She will see the fashion contests
4. The fish need water 
5. He kick the ball

• Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive Verbs is a verb that does not require an object because it has complete meaning and the verb form of the Intransitive verbs is active.
Example:

1. She is crying
2. He sleeps
3. My Brother are reading
4. The plane is taking off
5. The train is arrived

1.3 Adverbs
Adverbs derived from the words add to the meaning of the verbs. Adverbs later developed into more widespread, not only describes a verb, adjective but also explains the other. In other words adverbs are adverbs that describe how, when or where a job, so that events and actions performed or happen.

2.3 Kinds of Adverbs 

There are 3 kinds of Adverbs: Adverbs of place, Adverbs of  TIme and Adverbs of Manners

• Adverbs of Place

Adverb of Place are adverbs that show where the incident.
Example:

1. Margaretta looked everywhere
2. He studies English here
3. John is upstairs
4. I saw her there
5. They move along

• Adverbs of Time

Adverbs of Time are adverbs that show when the incident.
Example:

1. I am studying English now
2. He never knew that before
3. She will finish her work soon
4. Sunny came here yesterday
5. We have a party tonight

• Adverbs of Manners

Adverbs of manners are adverbs that show how the incident.
Example:

1. They worked hard
2. She writes a letters neatly
3. I speaks English well
4. He running fast
5. My Father drived the car carefully

     

Tugas Structure Sentence Pattern Pak Abdillah

1.S+V (intransitif)

• The baby is sleeping
• The visitors left
• The train has arrived
• The plane is taking off
• The convict collapsed

2.S+V+DO (transitif) 

• My friend sent some postcard
• My father give some money
• We borrow some book
• She plays a doll
• He eat a bread

3.S+V+IO+DO/DO+IO

• The boy threw the dog a stone
• My mother gave me some candy
• He brought a computer for me
• The teacher give us some homework
• My friend borrow me some money

4.S+LK (linking) V+C (Complement)

• I am glad
• We are in the internet cafe
• The new car is expensive
• He is sad
• My Father was have a accident

Sebuah Salam

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